Karl_von_frisch

Karl Ritter von Frisch (November 20 1886 – June 12 1982) was an Austrian ethologist who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973, along with Nikolaas Tinbergen and Konrad Lorenz.

He studied zoology with Richard von Hertwig whom he later succeeded as a professor of zoology at Munich, Germany. He studied the senses of bees, identified their mechanisms of communication and showed their sensitivity to ultraviolet and polarized light. In the center of his work were the study of the sensory perceptions of the honey bee and was one of the first who translated the meaning of the waggle dance. The theory was disputed by other scientists and greeted with skepticism at the time. Only recently was it definitively proved to be an accurate theoretical analysis (see Nature magazine reference).

In 1973 he was awarded Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine for his achievements in comparative behavioral physiology and pioneering work in communication between insects.

Frisch\'s honey bee work included the study of the pheromones that are emitted by the Queen bee and her daughters, which maintain the hive\'s very complex social order. Pheromones are chemical odors one organism emits to communicate with another organism, most likely for reproductive reasons. Outside the hive, the pheromones cause the male bees, or drones, to become attracted to a queen and mate with it. Inside the hive, the drones are not affected by the odor.

See also

• List of Austrian scientists
• List of Austrians
• Apiology

Notes

• Note regarding personal names: Ritter is a title, translated approximately as Knight, not a first or middle name. There is no equivalent female form.

External links and references

• Karl Von Frisch, The Dance Language and Orientation of Bees, (1967) Harvard University Press
• Dance and communication of honey bees
• The flight paths of honeybees recruited by the waggle dance, Nature 435, May 2005, pp.205-207.
• Karl von Frisch, Decoding the Language of the Bee, Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1973
• Biography and bibliography in the Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science

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